MARTY MAKINEN, Ph.D.

PERSONAL DATA

This four-year contract is to conduct immunization financing analyses in targeted countries, an analysis of the international financing mechanisms that assist in the financing of vaccine purchases, and other economic and financial analyses to support the Gates Childrens Vaccine Program at PATH. (Client: Program for Appropriate Technologies in Health, Seattle, WA)

Specific duties include: leading the analysis of international financing mechanisms; performing the financing analysis for the Tanzania Immunization Program Assessment, 2000; authoring a memorandum and an advocacy paper on the HIPC debt relief initiative and immunization programs; leading the development of the financing component of the WHO Immunization Assessment Tool, 2000; leading the development of a methodology for assessing the cost-effectiveness of innovative transport management methods for health.

1999 Economist, Exploration and Production Forum, Strategic Health Management Guidelines.

This short-term contract assisted the Exploration and Production Forum of the multinational oil and gas producers to prepare preliminary guidelines for working with local health systems in areas of oil and gas operations. (Client: Exploration and Production Forum, Houston, TX)

1997-present Health Economist. Partnerships for Health Reform Project.

This five-year project supports health-sector reforms in USAID-assisted countries around the world, through the provision of technical assistance, the conduct of applied research, the conduct of training, and the dissemination of information. (Client: U.S. Agency for International Development/Global Bureau)

Specific duties include: Technical advisor to the USAID-MSPAS-UNICEF Equity Initiative in Mali. The equity initiative seeks to determine the causes of low utilization of government- and community-organized health services, particularly by the disadvantaged. Following analysis of the determinants of low utilization, interventions to address the causes are designed and implemented. Monitoring and follow-up data collection analyzes the impact of the interventions. One urban (Sikasso) and one rural (Bla) district are the sites for the initiative. The determinants analysis is conducted through household and provider surveys. The evaluation of impact is conducted through a repeat of the household survey.

Lead the technical assistance team in Zambia 1997-99. The technical assistance to Zambia includes evaluation of the performance of the district cost-sharing and prepayment schemes; financial feasibility analysis of private not-for-profit franchising of outpatient services; analysis and interpretation of health-related data from a national household survey; assistance with management reforms at University Teaching Hospital; financial sustainability measures to support impregnated malaria net sales; and design of a sector assistance program. This work is conducted by a team of international specialists in collaboration with University of Zambia, Ministry of Health, Central Statistics Office, other cooperating agency, and other donor personnel. Overall responsibility for guiding the team and specific responsibility for the sector program work.

Principal investigator for major applied research into the equity of financing and delivery of health care. Develop methods; recruit, guide, and oversee national research teams; conduct research; write reports; and disseminate results. The research examines the equity of generation of resources and use of health services, using methods adapted from van Doorslaer, Wagstaff, et al., principally used by these researchers to examine these issues in OECD countries. Researchers apply the adapted methods in Chile, Guatemala, Paraguay, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Burkina Faso, South Africa, Mali, and Zambia.

Provide technical expertise on worldwide experience with health insurance to help guide assistance to the development of "mutuelles de la santé" in West Africa.

Conduct training in health economics in the Masters program at CESAG in Dakar, Senegal, in the economics and business program at the National University of Rwanda in Butaré, and for RESSMA (Maghreb Network for Health Economics and Systems) in Marrakech, Morocco.

Provide technical review and oversight to: an evaluation of the maternal and child health insurance program in Bolivia, a four-country set of immunization financing studies, a study of costs and demand for health services in Bangladesh, and a multi-country set of case studies of government contracting with non-governmental organizations for health service delivery in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Lead the analysis of household data sets from Indonesia to evaluate the impact and equity effects of safe motherhood initiatives.

1994-97 Technical Deputy Director. Health Reform Support in the former Soviet Union.

This five-year project supports financing, organization, and management reforms in the health sectors of the successor states to the Soviet Union through technical assistance, training, information dissemination, and grant support. (Client: U.S. Agency for International Development/ENI Bureau)

Specific duties include: Develop overall technical implementation strategy. Conduct national-level policy dialogue. Direct the Ukraine and Moldova portion of the program May 1996-February 1997. Guide planning for and oversee execution of specific site activities, especially in South Kazakhstan Oblast and Odessa, Ukraine. Develop and conduct courses in health economics and health insurance, including training of faculty at universities in Lviv and Kiev, Ukraine. Provide selected technical assistance in impact evaluation, development of family practice, and health insurance legislation. Organize and provide technical guidance for a region-wide technical conference. Provide technical updates, quality control, and technical feedback to all program staff and consultants. Experience in Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Russia.

1996 Health Economist. World Bank Flagship Course.
This assignment provides technical input into the design of the "flagship" course to be offered by the World Banks Economic Development Institute (EDI) on sustainable financing of national health care systems. (Client: EDI, World Bank)
1995-96 Director. CDS Haiti Financing Improvement Project.
This project assists the Haitian private voluntary organization CDS to improve its financial performance through development of a strategy to decentralize and formalize its user charge and exemption policies. Technical assistance is provided to develop the and make operational the strategy. (Client: Centres pour le Développement et la Santé, Port-au-Prince, Haiti)
Specific duties include: Lead workshops on policy development. Guide, oversee, and ensure quality of technical assistance.
1994 Principal Investigator. Working Paper on User Charges.
This effort produced a working paper for the World Bank on worldwide experience with user charges for health services, as input into a series of papers on issues of health reform. (Client: World Bank)
Specific duties include: Conduct a review of world published and unpublished literature on user charges. Synthesize the theoretical case for and against user charges, empirical experience, and practical steps needed to implement a user-charge program.

1992 Health Economist. Health Reform Support to Kazakhstan.

This project provided technical assistance to the Ministry of Health of newly-independent Kazakhstan as it began to reform the financing and organization of health services. (Client: World Bank)

Specific duties included: Preparation of a technical memorandum containing a critical analysis of a draft health insurance law prepared for the Deputy Minister of Health charged with financing reforms. Analysis of the current situation to make recommendations about directions for reform.

1989-1994 Project Director/Technical Director. Health Financing and Sustainability Project.

This project provides technical assistance to A.I.D. bureaus, USAIDs, A.I.D.-assisted countries, and other organizations worldwide, to achieve significant changes in health financing policies in LDCs, and to advance knowledge on the effectiveness of specific interventions. Activities focus on: resource generation through cost recovery; risk-sharing mechanisms; public-private collaboration; resource allocation, use and management; and costing of health services. (Client: U.S. Agency for International Development/R&D/Health)

Specific duties included: Guide overall project management and technical work. Represent project to A.I.D., other donors, technical advisory group, and other projects. Develop overall project strategy, perform technical quality control, participate in selection of technical and research teams, choice of technical methods, and selection of countries in which to work. Conduct key policy dialogue assignments and assessment trips. Country work in Swaziland, Kenya, Haiti, Egypt, Central African Republic, Senegal, Togo, Morocco, Peru, Pakistan, and Zaire.

1985-1989 Abt Associates Coordinator. Resources for Child Health Project.

Abt Associates Inc. was a subcontractor on this five-year project with the Agency for International Development, Science and Technology Bureau, Office of Health. The project provided technical assistance to AID bureaus, USAIDs, AID-assisted countries, and other organizations worldwide. The assistance was provided to strengthen the primary health care systems of developing countries in immunization technologies and health-care financing. Abt Associates specialized in health-care financing. (Client: John Snow Inc.) 

Specific duties included: Management and coordination of Abt Associates' subcontract activities. Performance of technical assistance, policy dialogue, training, and research assignments in Kenya, Zaire, Guinea, Niger, The Gambia, Togo, Congo, and Senegal.

1989 Senior Economist. Design of A Health Sector Financing Program in Kenya.

Preparation of a Program Assistance Authorization Document (PAAD) for a Health Sector Financing Program, in conjunction with a World Bank/USAID/UNICEF Health Financing Mission. The program is aimed at assisting the Government of Kenya to restructure the financing of the health sector, focusing on introduction of cost-sharing measures, reallocating resources towards primary and preventive services, and strengthening institutional capacity. (Client: USAID/Nairobi.)

Specific duties included: Development and negotiation of financing-reform conditionality, and technical assistance, training, and institutional development programs for assistance to the Ministry of Health, Kenyatta National Hospital, and National Hospital Insurance Fund. Prepared technical sections of the PAAD.

1988-1989 Project Director. Niger Health Sector Support Program (NHSS).

The NHSS is a $15 million sector grant which is providing assistance to the government of Niger for health, nutrition and population policy dialogue and reform. Under subcontract to Tulane University, Abt Associates is providing technical assistance to the Ministry of Health in cost recovery, cost containment, budget analyses, health sector assessment, the development of analytic capability within the planning unit, and other health economics issues. (Client: USAID/Niger.)

Specific duties included: Oversight of technical assistance in economics and financing. Conducted inter-Ministerial and multi-donor workshop to set objectives for and choose options to pilot test for cost recovery.

1988-1989 Project Director. Health Financing, Cost and Utilization Study in Sokoto State, Nigeria.

Comprehensive study of health financing undertaken in collaboration with the World Bank-financed Sokoto Health Project and Sokoto State Ministry of Health. Gathers and analyzes information on costs, utilization, and revenue sources to formulate strategic planning recommendations for the state's health sector. Assesses financial requirements for a planned expansion of the PHC program; frames measures for mobilizing resources, including cost recovery; and examines role of private sector. Data collection on: costs and utilization of 68 health facilities; health-seeking behavior of a random sample of over 3,000 households statewide; and flows of funds within publicly-supported health sector. Includes workshops for policy makers and skills transfer program for local collaborators. (Client: State Government, Sokoto, Nigeria)

Specific duties included: Overall responsibility for the study, including design of survey instruments, data analysis, conduct of policy workshops, and report preparation.

1988-1989 Senior Economist. Economic Analysis for Malaria Vaccine Development Project Papers.

Preparation of the basic project documents to support AID funding of malaria vaccine development and field testing. (Client: AID/S&T/Health.)

Specific duties included: Preparation of analyses of costs and benefits of malaria vaccine development and cost-effectiveness of malaria versus other vaccines and vaccine versus other control measures.

1988 Senior Economist.

Financial Review of Complexe Médico-Social de Cité Soleil, Haiti. A financial review of a PVO health program in a peri-urban area of Port-au-Prince, including costing of programs and facilities, cost-effectiveness analysis, and financial projections over ten years. (Client: USAID/Port-au-Prince.)

Specific duties included: Conduct of cost-effectiveness analyses and financial projections, and report preparation and presentation.

OTHER PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Faculty, World Bank Institute Social Safety Nets Course, Washington, DC.
Teaching unit on ensuring access to essential services (health, education, and home heating) to 70 participants in Washington, DC.
Faculty. World Bank Institute Distance Learning Program, Washington, DC.
Teaching unit on fee waivers versus general subsidies for health and education to participants in Uganda, South Africa, Ghana, Mozambique, and Ethiopia.
Guest Lecturer. Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ

1987-present Adjunct Professor. Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA.

1996-present Guest Lecturer, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.

Faculty. Centre International de l'Enfance et de la Famille, Paris, France.

 

Teaching in Cours sur l'Evaluation Economique des Programmes de Santé and development and revision of a manual for the course, 1991-93, 1995-98.

1998 Faculty. Flagship Course, World Bank Institute, Washington, DC.

Teaching of the Oregon case-study module on prioritization of health services under financial constraints.

1980-1984 Assistant Research Scientist. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Research, training, and technical assistance on international health and agricultural policy.

1983-1984 Economist. Associates for International Resources and Development, Somerville, MA.

Resident advisor in Madagascar for rice pricing and marketing reforms.

1979-1980 Assistant Professor. University of Delaware, Newark, DE.

Research and teaching in international economic development.

PAPERS, PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS
"Poverty Reduction and Immunizations: Considering immunizations in the context of HIPC debt relief", with Alan Fairbank, Bryn Sakagawa, and Whitney Schott, Abt Associates Inc., Children’s Vaccine Program at PATH, Bethesda, MD, July 2000.
"Analysis of international financing mechanisms to support vaccine procurement", Global Health Council, Washington, DC, June 2000.
"Empirical data from eight developing and transition countries on inequalities in morbidity, use of services, and health expenditures", lead author with multiple co-authors, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78 (1) 2000, also an invited presentation at Financing health systems in low income African and Asian Countries, CERDI-CNRS, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France, November-December 2000.
"Private Service Delivery and the Targeting of Subsidies for Safe Motherhood Services in Indonesia", Global Health Council, Washington, DC, June 1999.
"Analysis of Equity of Health Sector Resource Allocations in Selected Developing and Transition Countries", presentation, International Health Economics Association, Rotterdam, Netherlands, June 1999.
"Health Spending Inequalities and Governments Role in Zambia", presentation, American Public Health Association, Chicago, November 1999.
"Overview of Health Sector Reform in sub-Saharan Africa", presentation, 1st Intercountry Meeting on the Implementation of the Health Component of the U.N. Special Initiative on Africa, Cotonou, Benin, October 1998.
"Synthesis of Applied Research on Equity of Financing and Resource Allocation in the Health Sector in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries", presentation, Global Health Equity Initiative, Rockefeller Foundation, Phase 1 Exchange Meeting, Rajendrapur, Bangladesh, December 1998 and poster, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, November 1998.
"The Equity of Health Care Expenditure and Resource Allocation in Zambia", poster, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, November 1998.
"Insurance and Working Models of Reform Give Hope to Health Reform in Ukraine", American Public Health Association, San Diego, November 1997.
"Structuring a Market-Oriented Health System", Conference on Restructuring of the Health System, ZdravReform Program, Ukraine Ministry of Health, and Dnepropetrovsk Oblast Health Administration, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine, December 1996.
"Health Finance Policy in the Former Soviet Union", poster, American Public Health Association, New York, November 1996.
"Financial and Economic Aspects of Family Medicine", presentation to the Ukraine Ministry of Health Family Medicine Board, Kiev, October 1996.
"Role of Revisory Doctors (Utilization Management) in the United States and Their Potential Role in Ukraine", Konferencia Reviznych Lekarov Slovenska, Michalovce, Slovakia, October 1996.
"Lessons from the United States for Health Financing and Organization Policy", with Gary Gaumer and David Kidder, Conference on Priorities in Health Care, Stockholm, October 1996.
"Development of family medicine in Skole Rayon", in Moving Health Systems Into The New Century, Rovira, J., W. van Eimeren, and G. Duru, eds., GSF-Bericht, November 1997, Neuherberg, (Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on System Science in Health Care, Barcelona, September 16-20, 1996).
"Directions for Health Reform Strategy Development in Ukraine", ZdravReform Program, Kiev, September, 1996.
"Health Insurance Laws in the Former Soviet Union", National Council for International Health, Washington, DC, June, 1996.
"User Fees: Findings from Ukraine and Kazakhstan", with Abdo Yazbeck, International Health Economics Association, Vancouver, May 1996.
"Fund Flow Analysis for Mandatory Health Insurance: The Case of Issyk-Kul Oblast, Kyrgyzstan", with Alexander Telyukov, International Health Economics Association, Vancouver, May 1996.
"Health Reform Experience in the Former Soviet Union", poster, International Health Economics Association, Vancouver, May 1996.
"Health Insurance Reform in the NIS", with Alexander Telyukov, Commonhealth, American International Hospital Alliance, Washington, DC, April 1996.
"Current Issues in American Healthcare", seminar presented at SPRI (Swedish Institute for Health Services Development), Stockholm, February 1996.
"User Charges in South Kazakhstan Oblast", Technical Note 4, ZdravReform Program, Abt Associates Inc., Bethesda, MD, 1995.
"Critical Evaluation: Self-Financing at the Family Health Center in Odessa, Ukraine", with Laura Raney, American Public Health Association, 1995.
"Role and Desirability of User Charges for Health Services", with Laura Raney, working paper prepared for the World Bank, 1994, also presented at the American Public Health Association, 1995.
"Analysis of Payroll-Related Revenue Sources for Health Services", Technical Note 1, ZdravReform Program, Abt Associates Inc., Bethesda, MD, 1994.
"Lessons Learned on User Charges in Sub-Saharan Africa", with Laura Raney, American Public Health Association, 1994.
"Analysis of Proposed Health Insurance for Kazakhstan in the Former Soviet Union," American Public Health Association, October 1993.
"Policy Options for Financing Health Services in Pakistan," A Five-Volume Compendium, (editor), HFS Project, September 1993. Author of "Summary Report" (Vol. I) and co-author with Richard Yoder and Sikander Lalani of "Organizing and Financing Rural Health Services," (Vol. V).
"Economic Analysis and Research Tools for Health Policy in Developing Countries," with Ricardo Bitran, presented at the Conference on Health Sector Reform in Developing Countries, Durham, New Hampshire, September 1993.
"Workshop on Health Financing and Sustainability in Africa," with C. Leighton, HFS Project, Technical Note, March 1993.
"Health Financing Policy Reform in Pakistan," APHA, Washington, November 1992.
"Beneficiary Analysis of Five Cost Recovery for Health Project (CRHP) Facilities, Egypt," with E. E. Eltigani, HFS Project, Technical Note, September 1992.
"Estimating Willingness to Pay Among the Underserved in Peru", with G. Moncado and T. Espejo, NCIH, Washington, June 1992.
"Evidence on the Effectiveness of User Charges: Experiences from Africa," with D. Keith McInnes, in M. Kaddar and N. Guerin, eds. Argent et Santé, International Children's Centre, Paris, 1992.
"Pragmatic Approaches to Financing Health Services in Africa," African Studies Association, November 1991.
"The Transition to Sustainable Health Financing in Developing Countries," APHA, November, 1991.
"What is a "Fair" Tax schedule for Health Care? An Application of the Niger Health Care Utilization Survey", with Marcia Weaver, James Setzer, and Ian Sliney, APHA, November 1991.
"Le Rôle du Secteur Privé dans le Financement des Services de Santé," Second National Seminar on Financing the Health Sector, Mohammedia, Morocco, November 1990.
"Model of Health Financing Options for Developing Countries," APHA, October 1990.
"Workshop on Pilot Tests of Cost-Recovery Systems in Niger," with Dr. Abdou Moha and D. Keith McInnes, NCIH, Washington, June 1990.
"Analysis of Flows of Funds for Primary Health Care in Sokoto State, Nigeria," APHA, October 1989.
"Potentiel de recouvrement des coûts pour la santé," CRED, University of Michigan, July 1989.
"The Effect of the AIDS Epidemic on Financing Trends in the Overall Health Sector in Africa," testimony before House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Africa, July 1989.
"Economics Analysis of Health Benefits from Improved Water Supply and Sanitation," with Holly Wong, Abt Associates Inc., July 1989.
"Alternatives to Tertiary Hospital Care: The Kenyatta National Hospital Study," NCIH, Washington, June 1989.
"Proceedings from the Workshop on Health Care Financing in the Central African Republic, with Donald Graybill and Allison Percy, REACH Project, April 1989.
"Economic Analysis for the Malaria Vaccine Research and Development and Malaria Vaccine Epidemiology and Evaluation Projects," with Kirsten Frederiksen, Washington, D.C., January 1989, presented at NCIH, Washington, June 1990.
"Approaches to Reform of Health Financing in Four African Countries: Kenya, Zaire, Guinea, and Niger," APHA, Boston, November 1988.
"Financial Review of the Complexe Médico-Social de Cité Soleil," with Holly Wong, Washington, D.C., October 1988.
"Ajustement Structurel du Secteur Sanitaire," CRED, University of Michigan, July 1988.
"Can Governments Finance Health For All?" NCIH, Washington, May 1988.
"Cost Effectiveness of Activities to Prevent AIDS in Developing Countries," NCIH, Washington, May 1988.
"Kenyatta National Hospital Board Plan of Action for Reform," with fifteen others, REACH Project, March 1988.
"A Financially Sustainable Organization of Health Services for Developing Countries," presented at the Northeastern Regional Meeting of the National Council for International Health, Boston, November 1987.
"Cost Recovery Models for Sub-Saharan Africa," Tulane University, October 1987.
"Structural Reform of Health-Sector Financing in Niger," presented at the APHA Meetings, New Orleans, October 1987.
"Allocation des ressources pour la santé en Afrique," seminaire sur l'économie du développement, CRED, University of Michigan, July 1987.
"Strengthening the Costing and Financing of Primary Health Care Activities: Comment," International Congress of the World Federation of Public Health Associations, Mexico City, March 1987.
"Sustainability of African Vaccination Programs", in 3rd International Seminar on Immunizations in Africa, Collection Foundation Marcel Merieux, 1987.
"Pricing for Cost Recovery in Primary Health Care in Guinea", with Steven Block, REACH Project, December 1986.
"Self Financing Systems for Primary Health Care in Togo and Zaire," presented at the National Council on International Health Meetings, Washington, D.C., June 1986.
"Agricultural Policy Reform in Madagascar," with E. Berg, presented at the Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., March 1986.
"Towards a New PL-480 Title III Agreement with Bangladesh," with J. Riordan, S. Block, and S.D. Chaudhury, USAID/Bangladesh, November 1985.
"Liberian Rice Marketing Assessment, Phase II Report," with B. Rodgers and J. Martin, AID/S&T/RD, October 1985.
"Economic Implications", a chapter in Water Associated Diseases and Gambia River Basin Development, Center for Research on Economic Development, University of Michigan, 1985.
"Marketing of Fertilizer in Cameroon," African Studies Association, 1984.
"Issues Regarding the Proposed Combating Childhood Communicable Diseases Project in Guinea," with R. Waldman, USAID/Guinea, June 1984.
"CCCD/Togo Evaluation, Economic and Financial Aspects," USAID/Togo, June 1984.
"Costs of Mitigating Measures for Public Health in the Gambia River Basin," University of Michigan, Gambia River Basin Studies, Working Document No. 31, March 30, 1984.
"Report of the Economic and Financial Consultant," Combating Childhood Communicable Diseases Project, Zaire, USAID, March 1984.
"Le Secteur Rizicole à Madagascar, Etude du Secteur Rizicole, Rapport Final," with T.H. Ahlers, R.A. Crofts, A.H. Tuluy, and J.D. Stryker, Associates for International Resources and Development, Somerville, MA, April 1984.
"Rapport du Consultant en Commercialisation de Viande pour la FA.FI.FA.MA," Chemonics, Washington, D.C., February 1984.
"Le Secteur Rizicole à Madagascar, Etude du Secteur Rizicole, Rapport de la Première Phase," with T.H. Ahlers, A.H. Tuluy, and J.D. Stryker, Associates for International Resources and Development, Somerville, MA, February 1983.
"Agricultural Input Supply in Cameroon," with J. Ntangsi and F. Kamajou, Elliot Berg Associates, Alexandria, VA, June 1983.
"Economics of Health, Application in Evaluation of Primary Health Care Projects," presented at Seminar on Evaluation of Primary Health Care Projects, University Center for Health Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon, August 1982.
The Market for Livestock from the Central Niger Zone, with E.J. Aria-Niño, CRED Project Report, Ann Arbor, MI, March 1982.
"Benefits and Costs of Measles Vaccinations in Yaoundé, Cameroon," CRED Discussion Paper No. 96, Ann Arbor, MI, November 1981.
"Economic Analysis of the Integrated Maternal and Child Nutrition Project," USAID/New Delhi, October 1981.
"A Model of Meat versus Live-animal Exports from Upper Volta," with L.A. Herman and J. Staatz, CRED Discussion Paper No. 90, Ann Arbor, MI, February 1981.
"Benefit-Cost Analysis of Measles Vaccinations in Yaoundé, Cameroon," 1980 Conference Proceedings Report, National Council for International Health, Washington, October 1980.
"Etude Coût-Bénéfices des Vaccinations contre la Rougeole à Yaoundé, Cameroon," in Economie et Planification de la Santé en Afrique, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur le Développement International, Université de Clermont I, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 1980.
"Livestock and Meat Production, Marketing, and Exports in Upper Volta," with L.A. Herman, in Livestock and Meat Marketing in West Africa, Vol. l, CRED, Ann Arbor, MI, 1980.
"Methodology for Evaluation of Renewable Energy Technologies in Rural Development," Senegal Renewable Energy Project, CRED, Ann Arbor, MI, November 1978.
"Surveillance of Paralytic Polio in Yaoundé, Cameroon--1973-1975," with B. Guyer and M. Barrette, Afrique Médicale, December 1976.
HONORS AND AWARDS

Received a Francophone Africa Program Fellowship, CRED, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 1973-1977.

Received the American Public Health Association, International Health Section, Mid-Career Award, 1997.

MEMBERSHIPS

American Economics Association, Global Health Council, American Public Health Association (Governing Council, International Health Section 1998-2000), African Studies Association, Population Association of America, and International AIDS Association.

OTHER INFORMATION

Completed program of the Summer Institute on Survey Research Methods, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 1980.

Studied at the University of Nairobi, Kenya, 1971-1972.

Work experience in:

Europe: France, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine.

Africa: Benin, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, and Zaire (now D.R. Congo).

Asia: Bangladesh, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, and Thailand.

Americas: Guatemala, Haiti, Peru, and United States

Chaired Sessions on Major Applied Research Results from the Health Financing and Sustainability Project at the Annual Meetings of the Eastern Economic Association in 1993 and 1994.

Program Chair, International Health Section, American Public Health Association Annual Meeting, Boston, 2000 and Atlanta, 2001.